Thalamocortical coupling sleep. Bernardi et al.

Thalamocortical coupling sleep. The authors show that thalamic pulses uniquely evoke delayed theta oscillations, offering new insights The electrographic hallmark of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) and other idiopathic forms of epilepsy are 2. Methods Hierarchical cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) of neuronal oscillations, in which the phase of slower oscillations modulates the amplitude of faster ones, has been proposed as a general mechanism supporting the en-coding, storage, and retrieval of informa-tion (Fell and Axmacher, 2011). Yet, it is not known how these thalamocortical Sep 15, 2022 · Introduction: The thalamus, a heterogeneous brain structure, is involved in the generation of sleep-related thalamo-cortical oscillations. Yet, it is not known how these thalamocortical events Dec 24, 2017 · Transient synchronization of hippocampo-striato-thalamo-cortical networks during sleep spindle oscillations induces motor memory consolidation. Aug 30, 2019 · First, alternation of sleep and wakefulness depends on NSP; for example, intralaminar thalamocortical neurons increase their firing rate about 10 s before EEG desynchronization in natural transitions from slow-wave sleep to waking or active sleep (Steriade, 1981b). Then we will verify the existence of temporal spike-spindle coupling oscillatory patterns using both the real EEGs and simulated EEGs (say, model output). Yet, it is not known how these thalamocortical events To investigate how bidirectional projections between the reuniens and CA1 control multiregional interactions in the model, we explored hippocampal-thalamocortical coupling during sleep rhythms as a function of the strength of bidirectional projections between reuniens and CA1. However, the specific brain mechanisms underlying insomnia disorder remain unclear. Oct 28, 2025 · Background Thalamocortical interactions play a critical role in sleep oscillatory activities. Oct 1, 2025 · This study provides novel insights into the impact of sleep deprivation on thalamocortical connectivity, highlighting the thalamus as a central hub for changes in functional network topology under conditions of prolonged wakefulness. Matrix-thalamocortical loops support wakefulness and perceptual threshold, and core-thalamocortical loops maintain content and enable perceptual constancy. Jan 4, 2024 · In this paper, we will develop a new thalamocortical model of CFE by considering three types of currents which are related to neuronal excitability in CFE. Methods Mar 7, 2019 · Slow oscillations orchestrating fast oscillations and memory consolidation Driving sleep slow oscillations by auditory closed-loop stimulation–a self-limiting process Coupling of thalamocortical sleep oscillations are important for memory consolidation in humans Effects of early and late nocturnal sleep on declarative and procedural memory Many findings now support the idea that memory reactivation during both waking rest periods and sleep is relevant for the modification, integration, and stabilization of memories. developed a new tractography atlas of thalamocortical structural connections and applied it to three youth samples. , 27. Apr 1, 2018 · Sleep benefits motor memory consolidation. e. Here, we analyze a neural mass model of the thalamocortical loop of which the cortical node can generate slow oscillations (approx. Apr 1, 2024 · Spindles Sleep spindles are ~12–16 Hz oscillations of waxing and waning amplitude and 0. Sep 5, 2022 · Here, the authors show that the anterior thalamus might play a fundamental role in organizing slow oscillations in human sleep. Changes in directed functional coupling between the thalamus and cortex and between functional different thalamic nuclei during the process of falling asleep and deepening to slow-wave sleep were investigated. During slow-wave sleep (SWS), the interplay May 6, 2022 · Keywords: neural mass model, thalamocortical loop, sleep spindles, slow oscillations, cross-frequency coupling Citation: Jajcay N, Cakan C and Obermayer K (2022) Cross-Frequency Slow Oscillation–Spindle Coupling in a Biophysically Realistic Thalamocortical Neural Mass Model. , 2012, Diekelmann and Born, 2010, Steriade, 2006), instead revealing a critical contribution of thalamic spindles to this process. However, direct evidence supporting this hypothesis is lacking. They uncovered coordinated development between thalamic Oct 1, 2018 · Sleep is an essential component of animal behavior, controlled by both circadian and homeostatic processes. Oct 29, 2020 · In sum, the reduced thalamo-cortical coupling displays a hallmark characteristic of the MMGF induced connectivity state of the brain, while it remains a question for future research to identify the exact thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamic mechanisms that contribute to specific experiences. We tested this possibility using a pharmacological manipulation (i. 5–1 Hz neocortical slow oscillations (SOs) and hippocampal ripples (>80 Hz) (Staresina et al Apr 24, 2019 · Additionally, the lateral dorsal thalamus revealed consolidation-related coupling with the inferior temporal, retrosplenial, and medial prefrontal cortex. Based on a f … Dec 15, 2015 · Sleep, specifically non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, is thought to play a critical role in the consolidation of recent memories. Memory consolidation is thought to involve a hippocampo-cortical dialog during sleep to stabilize labile memory traces for long-term storage. Two main oscillatory activities observed during NREM, cortical slow oscillations (SO, 0. First, it is unclear whether changes in thalamocortical connectivity are a dominant feature of sleep deprivation or a peripheral effect. Apr 1, 2023 · Highlights • Sensory inputs and motor outputs coordinate for motor skill and perceptual learning. Dec 15, 2015 · Abstract Sleep, specifically non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, is thought to play a critical role in the consolidation of recent memories. Abstract Sleep, specifically non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, is thought to play a critical role in the consolidation of recent memories. In this study we set out to study the interaction between cortical and subcortical regions involved in spindle activity using non-invasive measurements. Yet, it is not known how these thalamocortical events Background: Thalamocortical interactions play a critical role in sleep oscillatory activities. Here, we analyze a neural mass model of the thalamocortical loop in which the cortical node can generate Jul 4, 2025 · Sydnor et al. Sep 6, 2024 · Oscillatory strength of sleep spindles is a key variable reflecting the network dynamics and functional role of spindles. May 15, 2024 · Cellular and systems neuroscience points to a thalamic contribution to consciousness. Graphical May 16, 2016 · Memory consolidation is thought to involve a hippocampo-cortical dialog during sleep to stabilize labile memory traces for long-term storage. While some theories suggest that anesthesia shares similarities with natural sleep, targeting sleep-promoting areas and inhibiting arousal nuclei, recent research indicates a more complex process. According to two-stage accounts, memory traces are gradually translocated from hippocampus to neocortex during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep. To address this question, we manipulated pre-sleep functional activations by engaging differentially the left and right hemispheres before sleep. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed intracranial and scalp Oct 16, 2020 · During NREM sleep, spindles emerge from thalamocortical interactions. Methods Nov 19, 2024 · The thalamus synchronizes spindles and Up states in the cortex for memory, but does it also organize co-ripples in the hippocampus and neocortex? This study shows that during human sleep, thalamic spindles and Up states synchronize networks that regulate memory consolidation during sleep. The mesoscale architecture of these loops may explain general properties of conscious contents. Sep 21, 2015 · New memory traces are believed to be reactivated and reorganized during sleep, mediated by the fine-tuned temporal interplay of neocortical slow oscillations, thalamo-cortical spindles and Apr 16, 2025 · Neural mechanisms underlying thalamic contributions to evoked potentials by brain stimulation, which has been widely used for therapeutic interventions, are not fully understood. Oct 28, 2025 · Background Thalamocortical interactions play a critical role in sleep oscillatory activities. Introduction: The thalamus, a heterogeneous brain structure, is involved in the generation of sleep-related thalamo-cortical oscillations. Jun 9, 2015 · In tinnitus, intra-area cross-frequency coupling is known as thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD), and inter-area phase–amplitude coupling between anterior cingulate and auditory cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been shown as well (37). Our systematic review, aims to assess animal studies employing closed-loop Jul 13, 2020 · Abstract Sleep is pivotal for memory consolidation. Methods Introduction: The thalamus, a heterogeneous brain structure, is involved in the generation of sleep-related thalamo-cortical oscillations. Jun 10, 2024 · Here we examine age-dependent differences in resting-state thalamocortical connectivity to investigate its role in the emergence of large-scale functional networks during early life, using a Mar 6, 2025 · Abstract Memory consolidation during sleep depends on the interregional coupling of slow waves, spindles, and sharp wave-ripples (SWRs), across the cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus. While the thalamus’ ability to help maintain arousal and cognitive performance during sleep deprivation has been well established, several key questions remain about this neurobiological mechanism. Main Over the past three decades, accumulating evidence supports the role of sleep neural oscillations and their cross-frequency coupling in the spatiotemporal coordination across brain regions, supporting sleep-dependent memory consolidation 1 - 3. 53 Importantly, this triple-coupling of sleep related oscillations has been suggested to 54 facilitate memory consolidation, by synchronizing neuronal activity across brain regions 55 and relaying memory representations between the hippocampus and neocortical long- 56 term stores 17. In the Dec 15, 2015 · Sleep, specifically non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, is thought to play a critical role in the consolidation of recent memories. While sleep spindles are routinely observed in the cortex using scalp electroencephalography (EEG), recordings of their thalamic counterparts have not been widely studied in humans. Methods May 10, 2024 · Results indicate a protracted development of synchronized thalamocortical processing specifically in frontocortical networks (i. Mar 6, 2025 · Abstract Memory consolidation during sleep depends on the interregional coupling of slow waves, spindles, and sharp wave-ripples (SWRs), across the cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus. 4 days ago · First study shows Thalamocortical Dysrhythmia (TCD) signatures in tinnitus patients’ sleep spindles (increased gamma activity & cross-frequency coupling). Here it is investigated whether this distinction can also be found during the process of falling asleep and deepening of slow-wave sleep. Since the original discovery of hypothalamic centers controlling both sleep and wakefulness, current views now implicate First, alternation of sleep and wakefulness depends on NSP; for example, intralaminar thalamocortical neurons increase their firing rate about 10 s before EEG desynchronization in natural transitions from slow-wave sleep to waking or active sleep (Steriade, 1981b). We develop a simple model consisting of thalamic, cortical and hippocampal networks that can spontaneously generate up and down states, spindles and SWRs. Nested phase–amplitude coupling of spindles with 0. Here the authors carry out multisite thalamic and cortical recordings in freely behaving mice, to investigate the role of May 6, 2021 · a | Thalamocortical (TC) neurons with focal-type projections (light purple) form a relatively focused, closed cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) loop with one cortical subregion (right), whereas those Mar 5, 2018 · What can eyes tell us about what happens during sleep? Their movements split sleep into two distinct states — rapid-eye-movement (REM) or non-REM sleep. 0Hz) and thalamic spindles (12–15Hz), have been shown to independently correlate with memory improvement. Dec 11, 2021 · 52 synchronize hippocampal ripples 15,16. Animal studies are optimal to assess activity of deeper lying brain structures. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed intracranial and scalp Aug 31, 2021 · Cross-frequency slow oscillation-spindle coupling in a biophysically realistic thalamocortical neural mass model Nov 22, 2022 · Download Citation | Propofol modulates neural dynamics of thalamo-cortical system associated with anesthetic levels in rats | The thalamocortical system plays an important role in consciousness Sep 26, 2025 · In this study, we explored the possibilities of using functional connectivity metrics on MEG data to resolve small proximal deep sources in the brain, using NREM sleep and thalamocortical sleep spindles as a biologically and scientifically relevant test case. 5–2 s duration, generated and sustained through reticular thalamic and thalamocortical neurons [23] and projected widely to cortex and the hippocampus [24. Methods Mar 1, 2010 · It is demonstrated that (1) sleep spindles and spike–wave discharges are distinguished in time–frequency domain. SWDs are Aug 15, 2019 · Thalamo-cortical coupling might determine the formation of durable memories as they are initially processed, and interactions between the medioventral- and lateral dorsal thalamus with posterior representational regions might further boost consolidation thereafter. frontal SO-spindle coupling). While the hippocampus is deemed central to this process, de… Jul 1, 2015 · By applying a recently developed empirical mode decomposition analysis, we found strong cross-frequency coupling between high-frequency and slow wave oscillations during SWS and a prominent increase of gamma band activity in short bursts during REM sleep in unanesthetized primates' hippocampus. Nov 1, 2021 · Here a novel mechanism is proposed to explain the coupling among the hippocampal and thalamocortical rhythms. 16-4 Hz, Figure 1A), thalamocortical sleep spindles (SP Cortical sleep spindles and hippocampal spindles and SW-Rs. Jan 3, 2018 · In this issue of Neuron, Helfrich et al. Combinin … Jun 1, 2023 · Memory consolidation during sleep is thought to depend on the coordinated interplay between cortical slow waves, thalamocortical sleep spindles and hippocampal ripples, but direct evidence is Aug 15, 2019 · Enhanced high-frequency precuneus-cortical effective connectivity is associated with decreased sensory gating following total sleep deprivation Liwei Zhang, Yue Huang, Ying Zhang, Wei Xin, Aug 20, 2019 · Based on studies that monitor and manipulate specific cortical circuits, we propose that coupling can occur between sleep oscillations in general, and between HC and cortex specifically, but that such coupling likely involves different brain regions at each point in time, contributing to memory consolidation in select circuits. They show that optogenetic induction of thalamic spindles, when phase-locked to the slow oscillation up-state, enhances the triple coupling of slow oscillations-spindles-ripples together with hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation. To achieve this goal, we used, (a) source reconstruction of MEG data, (b) functional connectivity Abstract Sleep is pivotal for memory consolidation. (2017) demonstrate that phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between slow oscillations and spindles is crucial for memory consolidation, and shifts in its phase relationship may explain age-related deficits in memory performance. • Sleep-dependent complex non-declarative memory Sleep spindles (8 - 16 Hz) are transient electrophysiological events during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Sleep manifests itself by the spontaneous emergence of characteristic oscillatory rhythms, which often time-lock and are implicated in memory formation. The other cross-frequency couplings have not been investigated yet. To examine the effects of CLAS on spindles, we propose a biophysical thalamocortical model for slow oscillations (SOs) and sleep spindles. Sleep manifests itself by the spontaneous emergence of characteristic oscillatory rhythms, which often time-lock and are implicated in the memory formation. While the interaction of the cardinal rhythms of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep-the thalamo-cortical spindles, hippocampal ripples, and the cortical slow oscillations-is thought to be critical for memory consolidation during sleep, the role spindles play in this interaction is elusive. During nREM sleep, oscillatory activities including cortical slow oscillations (SO; 0. Sep 15, 2022 · Introduction: The thalamus, a heterogeneous brain structure, is involved in the generation of sleep-related thalamo-cortical oscillations. These results are consistent with the dependence of spindle synchronization on thalamocortical rather than cortico-cortical connections. May 6, 2022 · Sleep manifests itself by the spontaneous emergence of characteristic oscillatory rhythms, which often time-lock and are implicated in memory formation. We dynamically manipulated the temporal coordination between the two structures during sleep f … Jul 10, 2023 · These results unveil how the sequential coupling of specific sleep rhythms orchestrates neuronal processing and communication during human sleep. 1. Oct 29, 1993 · Sleep is characterized by synchronized events in billions of synaptically coupled neurons in thalamocortical systems. In this . It has been proposed that a phenomenon of sensory isolation, whereby sensory inputs fa… Introduction: The thalamus, a heterogeneous brain structure, is involved in the generation of sleep-related thalamo-cortical oscillations. However, synchronization within thalamocortical networks generally precedes synchronization of thalamocortical with hippocampal processing … Oct 29, 2020 · A direct comparison of the MMGF data with existing sleep data 39, 42 would be informative for identifying resting-state signatures that distinguish the MMGF state from early sleep states. Bernardi et al. 5-1. (3) Sleep spindles do not precede SWD. However, direct evidence supporting this hypothesis is Feb 10, 2025 · To investigate how bidirectional projections between the reuniens and CA1 control multiregional interactions in the model, we explored hippocampal-thalamocortical coupling during sleep rhythms as a function of the strength of bidirectional projections between reuniens and CA1. These results also suggest a more general function of PAC in synaptic plasticity. Memory processing may be particularly effective during sleep due to its unique physiological and neurochemical properties (see the sidebar titled Sleep Physiology). Mechanistically, this information transfer is thought to rely on interactions between thalamocortical spindles and hippocampal ripples. Two main oscillatory activities observed during NREM, cortical Dec 15, 2015 · Sleep, specifically non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, is thought to play a critical role in the consolidation of recent memories. We suggest that thalamo-cortical cross-talk strengthens mnemonic representations at initial encoding, and that cortical coupling of specific thalamic subregions supports consolidation thereafter. To elucidate the neuropa … Therefore, the objective of the present study was to explore if the topographic patterns of coupling between co-existing slow-wave and sleep spindle activities depend on pre-sleep functional activations. The activation of a series of neuromodulatory transmitter systems during awakening blocks low-frequency oscillations, induces Insomnia disorder is the most common sleep disorder and has drawn increasing attention. 1 Hz) while its thalamic component can generate fast sleep spindles of σ-band activity (12–15 Hz). Jul 15, 2025 · Intracranial stimulation maps human brain causal connectivity, uncovering distinct pathways. • Selective synaptic plasticity underlies memory processing during sleep. ]. • Slow waves and spindle waves during NREM sleep consolidates non-declarative memory. Jun 26, 2024 · According to the experimental observations, the sleep spindle activity can be improved by closed loop acoustic stimulations (CLAS) which eventually improve memory performance. Jan 15, 2016 · Sleep-related decreases in thalamocortical functional connectivity (FC) have previously been reported, but the extent to which these changes differ between thalamocortical pathways, and patterns of intra-thalamic FC during sleep remain untested. demonstrate a causal role of sleep spindles in memory formation. Jul 19, 2017 · Latchoumane et al. Emerging evidence highlights the critical In sum, the reduced thalamo-cortical coupling displays a hallmark characteristic of the MMGF induced con-nectivity state of the brain, while it remains a question for future research to identify Jul 13, 2020 · Abstract Sleep is pivotal for memory consolidation. However, direct experimental evidence supporting the contribution of such sleep-dependent physiological mechanisms to motor memory consolidation in humans is lacking. 5–1. Typical brain oscillations for sleep and wake states are distinctive and reflect recurrent activity amongst neural circuits spanning localized to global brain regions. We Jul 27, 2024 · Thalamocortical sleep spindles are transient oscillatory complexes of waxing and waning amplitude at sigma frequency (∼12–15 Hz) and constitute a hallmark feature of the electroencephalogram (EEG) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. In this model, the up and down states, SWRs and spindles are spontaneously generated due to local short-range interactions between In sum, the reduced thalamo-cortical coupling displays a hallmark characteristic of the MMGF induced connectivity state of the brain, while it remains a question for future research to identify the exact thalamo-cortical and cortico-thalamic mechanisms that contribute to specific experiences. 0Hz) and thalamic Introduction: The thalamus, a heterogeneous brain structure, is involved in the generation of sleep-related thalamo-cortical oscillations. Enhancing Effects of In-Phase Stimulation on Slow Oscillation-Spindle Coupling and Contextual Memory Occur in the Absence of Alteration in Sleep Architecture The effects of in-phase stimulation on memory formation were not conveyed by gross changes in sleep architecture. Many studies have shown that hyperarousal plays a key role in the pathophysiology of insomnia disorder. Top left: heat map illustrating the position of individual contacts across all patients within the hippocampus overlaid on a sagittal slice of the mean structural MRI. 5–4 Hz spike and wave discharges (SWDs) originating from abnormal electrical oscillations of the cortico-thalamo-cortical network. This mnemonic process is thought to be mediated by thalamo-cortical spindle activity during NREM-stage2 sleep episodes as well as changes in striatal and hippocampal activity. A new study now reveals that periodic pupil constrictions are linked to non-REM sleep plunging into deeper offline states and back about every minute. During paroxysmal [seizure] activity, the role of chemical synaptic interactions decreases because of alterations in ionic composition that impairs synaptic transmission. Jul 19, 2017 · Our results suggest a causal role for thalamic sleep spindles in hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation, conveyed through triple coupling of slow oscillations, spindles, and ripples. Thalamo-Cortical and Thalamo-Thalamic Coupling During Sleep and Wakefulness in Rats Article Sep 2021 Ilya V Sysoev Gilles van Luijtelaar Annika Lüttjohann Feb 1, 2025 · General anesthesia is administered to millions of individuals each year, however, the precise mechanism by which it induces unconsciousness remains unclear. , 25. However, in individuals with insomnia disorder (ID), the structural organization of these circuits, their relationship with sleep oscillatory coupling, and their potential modulation by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) remain unclear. Here, we analyze a neural mass model of the thalamocortical loop in which the cortical node can Aug 26, 2015 · Sleep, specifically non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, is thought to play a critical role in the consolidation of recent memories. Jul 19, 2017 · Altogether, the emerging picture challenges the view that phase coupling of NREM sleep rhythms and associated memory formation is under the sole or primary control of the cortical slow oscillation (Cox et al. report that complete resection of the corpus callosum does not affect the interhemispheric synchronization of sleep spindles, while it significantly reduces the spatial association between spindles and temporally coupled slow waves. The reuniens nucleus of the thalamus, linking the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the hippocampus, may facilitate interregional coupling during sleep. Normal thalamocortical oscillations [sleep or wake oscillations] are generated as a result of both local and long-range synchronization. , 26. • Memory consolidation has brain regional, cellular, and synaptic mechanisms. , zolpidem (Ambien)) that increased sleep spindles and improved declarative verbal memory over placebo, during a daytime nap [8]. Higher order nuclei might possess a distinct function compared with first-order nuclei in brain communication. Sleep Spindles are scalp EEG waveforms that are hallmarks of the N2 sleep stage and are believed to be generated through thalamo-cortical loops. To achieve this goal, we used, (a) source reconstruction of MEG data, (b) functional connectivity Jan 15, 2016 · Sleep-related decreases in thalamocortical functional connectivity (FC) have previously been reported, but the extent to which these changes differ between thalamocortical pathways, and patterns of intra-thalamic FC during sleep remain untested. Decreases in thalamocortical connectivity poses important considerations for understanding the consequence of sleep-deprived cognitive fatigue and draws parallels Here, we investigated whether cross-frequency coupling of spindles and SOs can be linked to increased memory consolidation. Methods Sep 26, 2025 · Our goal is therefore to assess the viability and limitations of functional connectivity as a means of probing deep networks, using sleep spindles as a physiological window into dynamic thalamo- cortical coupling. 0 Hz) and thalamic spindles (12-15 Hz), have been shown to independently correlate with memory improvement. (2) EEG waveforms of sleep spindles and SWD are underlain by different synaptic processes, as determined with the aid of computational neuronal model of cortical field potentials. Feb 28, 2025 · Purpose of Review Sleep rhythms - particularly the coupling between cortical slow oscillations, thalamo-cortical spindles and hippocampal ripples - are proposed to contribute to multi-regional interactions crucial for memory consolidation. Nov 15, 2019 · Cross-frequency coupling of sleep oscillations is thought to mediate memory consolidation. Dec 13, 2019 · Sleep suppresses the ability to react to environmental demands. urj l89l plmgjs dcxy wkq mp ljai j1i oex qd